Accountant in New York

A bookkeeper records transactions, reconciles accounts and runs payroll. An accountant prepares statutory accounts, files tax, and advises on structure and planning. Small firms often use a bookkeeper monthly and an accountant annually.

Software (Xero, QuickBooks) handles day-to-day bookkeeping well, but an accountant adds value at year-end for tax filing, compliance and planning. Many businesses run software themselves and pay an accountant only for the annual accounts and tax return.

Most accountants now price by fixed monthly package rather than the hour. A sole trader's annual return is a modest one-off fee; a small limited company's year-end accounts plus tax filing is a mid three- to four-figure annual cost; ongoing bookkeeping and payroll add a monthly retainer on top.

Scope (exactly which filings and services are included), fees and how they're billed, deadlines and your responsibilities for providing records, and what falls outside the fee. A one-line quote with no engagement letter is a red flag.

Yes — legitimate planning around business structure, allowable expenses, pension contributions, timing of income, and available reliefs is core work. Be wary of anyone promoting aggressive 'schemes'; if it sounds too good, it usually attracts penalties later.

For a simple personal or single-member LLC return, a competent EA or preparer is fine. For multi-state operations, audits, or complex entity structures, a CPA's licensing and representation rights are worth the premium.